试论破解中国“调猪”向“调肉”转变困境的方法

文章论述了"调猪"向"调肉"转变的历史背景,进行了冷却肉代替常温鲜肉的可行性论证,加强对冷却肉营养价值高,口味几乎与常温鲜肉媲美等关于冷却肉的知识宣传,让冷却肉成为肉类消费主流产品,是破解"调猪"向"调肉"困境的主要方法。尖锐指出目前排名前十的猪企纷纷布局的,大城市大型屠宰和肉联厂项目,是走"调猪"的老路和死胡同,会造成极大的资源浪费。提出在生猪主产区建立肉联厂,充分利用和整合现有肉联厂资源,配齐官方兽医,加强产地检疫和屠宰检疫,加快非洲猪瘟快速检测试纸的研发,加强冷却肉加工、质量控制技术研究和国家标准的制订,中国肉类加工企业协会,承接国家主管部门移交的肉类加工社会管理职能等建议,供同行参考。     

葡萄柚适宜采收期与采后货架寿命研究初报

通过对不同采收期的葡萄柚果实总糖含量、可滴定酸、可溶性固形物含量的测定分析和感官特性的评价,表明随着采收期的推迟,果实含糖量、可溶性固形物含量增高,可滴定酸含量降低．在常温货架陈列期中,12月下旬采收的果实陈列效果较好,保持优良商品外观品质的时间较长。综合各种因素,葡萄柚在云南西双版纳善文区域12月25日左右采收最好。     

湖南秋季大棚无籽西瓜品种立架栽培技术研究

根据湖南秋季的气候特点,2012～2014年在湖南省岳阳市农业科技示范园、长沙市农作物品种展示基地（浏阳市淳口镇黄荆坪村）进行大棚秋季无籽西瓜品种立架栽培试验研究,参试品种为泉蜜308无籽、金丽黄无籽、博达隆一号无籽、黑童宝无籽、博帅无籽、神玉无籽、博达隆三号无籽、绿虎无籽、金蜜红无籽、蜜童无籽。试验结果表明,所有参试品种均表现出耐高温性强、抗性强、果皮外观漂亮、商品率高、瓤色鲜艳、口感好、无籽性能好、品质上佳、产量高等优点,适宜湖南丘陵地区与洞庭湖区等地秋季大棚立架栽培种植。     

Interannual variability of the ecosystem of the Kii Channel, the Inland Sea of Japan, as influenced by bottom intrusion of cold and nutrient-rich water from the Pacific Ocean, and a recent trend of warming and oligotrophication

Interannual variability of the ecosystem of the Kii Channel, productive shelf water on the Pacific side of south‐western Japan, was analysed based on physicochemical environmental variables and abundance of major zooplankton taxa collected monthly for 12 yr from 1987 to 1999. The Kii Channel experienced both short‐term (i.e. 3–4 yr) cyclical changes and a long‐term (i.e. decadal) environmental trend. The short‐term variability was primarily associated with year‐to‐year differences in intrusion of subsurface, cold nutrient‐rich water along the bottom of the Kii Channel from the Pacific Ocean. When this bottom intrusion was intense, the Kii Channel experienced a cold, new production‐dominated ecosystem. The bottom intrusion, however, has become less intense in recent years, because of the closer proximity of the Kuroshio flow axis to the Kii Channel. Hence, there was a consistent trend towards warming and a regenerated production‐dominated ecosystem. In accordance with such environmental changes, the zooplankton community shifted towards more oceanic conditions; major herbivorous calanoids (i.e. Calanus sinicus, Paracalanus parvus (s.l.), Clausocalanus spp. and Acartia omorii) decreased, while carnivores (i.e. hydromedusae and Sagitta spp.) increased. The amount of total fish catch also decreased, while the catch of subtropical species increased. These findings lead us to conclude that the bottom intrusion from the Pacific Ocean plays a key role in determining the biological production in the Kii Channel.     

外源乙烯处理对黄冠梨果皮褐变和货架期品质的影响

为了避免黄冠梨果实在低温贮藏（0 ℃左右）条件下果皮褐变的发生,该研究采用5、20和100 μL/L外源乙烯对黄冠梨进行贮前处理,以0 ℃贮藏下无外源乙烯处理作为对照组,以采后恒温至30 ℃、逐步降温至0 ℃处理作为程序降温组。通过外源乙烯处理组与对照及程序降温组的对比,探讨采后外源乙烯处理对黄冠梨果皮褐变与果实品质的影响。结果表明,不同浓度的外源乙烯处理均能完全抑制褐变的发生,且表皮无伤害,而程序降温组的发病指数为10%,对照组则高达37.6%。货架期结束时（6 d）外源乙烯处理组的果实硬度与对照组差异显著（P < 0.05）。外源乙烯各处理组果实含水率均高于对照及程序降温组（P < 0.05）,利用低场核磁共振技术检测发现对照组自由水含量最高,5和100 μL/L外源乙烯处理组自由水含量较低。与对照组和程序降温组比较,外源乙烯处理对黄冠梨果实中可溶性固形物、可滴定酸、可溶性糖和抗坏血酸等果实品质指标都能起到提高或者维持的效果,其中5 μL/L处理浓度的效果较优。研究结果表明,贮前外源乙烯处理是一种既能抑制黄冠梨果皮褐变又能保持果实货架期品质的高效、简便的技术。     

网络流行文化视域下“90后”大学生价值观教育探析

随着信息时代的来临和智能手机的普及,网络流行文化在丰富了"90后"大学生文化生活的同时,也导致了其价值观的模糊化、扭曲化、功利化和世俗化。针对网络流行文化对价值观的影响,我们应该大力弘扬"中国梦"和社会主义核心价值观,坚持思想引领,积极构建"五位一体"大学生价值观教育机制,并借鉴网络流行文化的优势和特点,创新"90后"大学生价值观教育的内容、方法和途径。     

Effect of Using Magnetic Brackish Water on Irrigated Bell Pepper Crop （Capsicum annuum L.） Characteristics in Lower Jordan Valley/West Bank

Increasing salinity of the groundwater is one of major challenges faced by agricultural sector in West Bank/Palestine. This study was carried out in the Lower Jordan Valley （LJV） under greenhouse field condition, where an area of 0.12 ha was irrigated with 3.5 dS/m magnetic treated water during the growing season 2012/2013. The results of this pilot project show that there are significant increases in the yield of red and yellow bell pepper of about 20% and 18% on fresh weight basis, respectively. Water use efficiency increased by 15% and an increase in shelf time of 7 d were also recorded. The chlorophyll content raised significantly in the leaves of treated plants compared to the controlled one by 2.5 mg/g. Bell pepper irrigated with magnetic water produces 37% more four champers than that of the controlled one. On the other hand, there were no clear significant effects on the height of the plant, number of fruits, distance between nods, size of fruits, number and thickness of walls and sugar contents. Applying visible/near infrared （VIS/N｜R） spectroscopy test shows that it is possible to distinguish between treated and controlled bell pepper fruits. Multivariate data analysis （MVDA） method was used to test the classification of chemical elements in the fruit and it was found that treated and controlled fruit samples are divided into two groups according to their water treatment. An increase in all nutrient concentrations was found in fruits irrigated with magnetic treated water compared with the controlled one. Further testing is needed especially by involving other variables such as decreasing the volume of irrigated water and fertilizers.     

水产食品特定腐败菌与货架期的预测和延长

Fresh fish and lightly preserved fish products are welcome by the global market, however, they are also among the most perishable food products. The research on specific spoilage organisms (SSO) reveals the spoilage process of aquatic product. This paper reviews the current knowledge (past ten years) on SSO of fresh fish and lightly preserved fish products with particular emphasis on characteristics of SSO and how to apply this concept to determine, predict and extend the shelf life of aquatic product. During storage, the microflora changes owing to different abilities of the microorganisms to tolerate the preservation conditions. SSO is defined as special microorganisms which can increase rapidly during preservation and has the ability to produce off- odours and off- flavours associated with spoilage, and spoilage metabolites. Identification of an SSO relies on comparison of the sensory and chemical characteristics of spoiled product with those of isolates from the spoilage microflora. Generally, the SSO of fresh fish may be a single species or genus, but the ones of lightly preserved fish products will be more complex. One exciting area for use of SSO aims to obtain quantitative knowledge about probable behavior of SSO and their function during the progression of spoilage. Thus mathematical models on the growth of SSO are established to evaluate the quality lost degree of product, which provide a sound information for the rational development of devices to monitor loss of products shelf life. Models for the growth of Pseudomonas spp, S. putrefaciens, P. phosphoreum have been established, and validated for shelf life prediction of seafood successfully. Another application field of SSO intends to develop the techniques to prolong the shelf life of food products by inhibiting SSO targetedly. Targeted inhibition of spoilage bacteria during preservation reduces their growth and results in a significant extension of shelf life in despite of the activity of non - spoilage organisms has not been influenced. Such techniques have been applied in perversion field of fresh fish and lightly preserved fish.     

优质、脆肉、耐贮型厚皮甜瓜品种好运52的选育

好运52是由广西农业科学院园艺研究所育成的优质、脆肉型、耐贮运杂交一代早中熟厚皮甜瓜新品种,适于我国南部和东部多雨地区保护地栽培及西北干旱地区露地栽培。果实发育期40～45d;中椭圆形,单果重2.0～2.5kg;果皮金黄,网纹中等,近脐部光皮,皮韧,耐贮存;果肉橙红色,中心可溶性固形物含量16%左右,质地实脆,口感清甜,品质上佳。2005年1月通过广西壮族自治区农作物品种审定委员会审定。     

Extension of shelf life of tuberose flowers using a combination of gamma irradiation and generally regarded as safe (GRAS) preservatives and assessment of antimicrobial potency of senesced flowers

Tuberose cut flowers, available as loose flowers, were treated with gamma (γ) irradiation and generally regarded as safe (GRAS) preservative solutions for extension of shelf life. The flowers were packaged in low-density polyethylene bags, heat sealed and stored at 23 ± 2°C, 80% relative humidity (RH) and 4 ± 1°C, 40% RH, respectively. The flowers stored at these two temperature regimes were subjected to sensory evaluation and biochemical analyses. From these assessments, the longest shelf life of tuberose flowers was found to be 8 days at 23 ± 2°C, 80% RH (compared to 4 days for control) and 24 days at 4 ± 1°C, 40% RH (compared to 8 days for control) using combination treatment of low dose γ-irradiation (0.02 kGy) and preservative solutions (4% sucrose and 0.02% CaCl₂). Ethanolic extract of tuberose flowers of the most shelf stable set (stored at 4 ± 1°C), i.e. at the end of 24 days, showed antimicrobial potency against the common skin pathogen Staphylococcus aureus (ATCC 25923 and MDR strains), suggesting utility of the senesced tuberose flowers for therapeutic applications. This preservation technique would promote export of tuberose flowers by extension of their shelf lives and allow utilization of these flowers, post senescence.